Learning Objectives

By the end of this session, participants will be able to:

1. Differentiate clearly between daily weather variations and long-term climate patterns.

2. Explain the atmospheric mechanism of the greenhouse effect and identify key anthropogenic drivers.

3. Analyze empirical climate data, including historical global temperature anomalies, solar cycle comparisons, and atmospheric layer profiles.

4. Evaluate the critical role of ocean ecosystems (particularly marine phytoplankton) in the global carbon cycle.

5. Identify why the Mediterranean basin is warming faster than the global average and recognize the significance of the 1.5°C tipping point threshold.